GND-TWR Co-ordination
GND-TWR Co-ordination GND-TWR Co-ordination Introduction Inadequate coordination between ground controllers (GND) and tower controllers (TWR) can cause a runway incursion which …
Frequency Change in Aviation
Frequency Change Frequency Change Description The process of changing frequency offers many possibilities for communication failure if the pilot subsequently …
Frequency Congestion in Aviation
Frequency Congestion Frequency Congestion Description A single radio frequency is capable of handling a limited number of radio messages in …
Frequency Blocking in Aviation
Frequency Blocking Frequency Blocking Description Frequency blocking is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more stations transmit on the …
European Action Plan for Air-Ground Communications Safety
European Action Plan for Air-Ground Communications Safety European Action Plan for Air-Ground Communications Safety Clear, unambiguous, timely, and uninterrupted communications …
Emergency Communications
Emergency Communications Emergency Communications Description When a flight crew is confronted with an emergency or abnormal situation whilst in …
Expectation of Clearance
Expectation of Clearance Expectation of Clearance Description Many situations in air traffic control are repetitive and result in pilots expecting …
English Language Proficiency Requirements
English Language Proficiency Requirements English Language Proficiency Requirements Description This article outlines standards and recommended practices, as of early 2021, …
Cross-checking Process
Cross-checking Process Cross-checking Process Description The human mind is fallible and error can occur for many reasons, for example, from …